![]() We did not find similarities to any known photoproteins. ![]() The underlying biochemical processes for the bioluminescence are so far unknown, but transcriptome data indicate the presence of proteins with similarities to Renilla-type luciferases. pellucidum was the only one that showed bioluminescent activity. Of a total of nine examined sipunculan species, N. After several hours of dark adaptation, they were mechanically stimulated, and luminescent reactions were noted and recorded by photography and/or video whenever possible. To test for bioluminescent activity, all collected annelids (including sipunculans) were sorted into morphotypes and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. pellucidum collected from coral rubble from a shallow reef flat and one deeper (14 m) site. Green luminescence was detected in four of the five individuals of N. Our study constitutes the first record of a bioluminescent sipunculan species. pellucidum was verified by DNA barcoding of ∼650 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene, using sequences of the same species from previous studies as references. 3Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United Statesĭuring a search for bioluminescent marine annelids around the island of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, we discovered bioluminescence in the sipunculan worm Nephasoma pellucidum.2Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil.1Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Instituto Oceanográfico, Química e Geológica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.Amaral 2, Mary Colleen Hannon 3 and Anja Schulze 3*
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